Composition

Composition is a concept that has been around far longer than cinema and photography, in fact it has been considered for thousands of years in paintings and ancient architecture. However, in regards to cinematography; composition is the framing of the image, and how the mise- en- scene appears in it. 

Some arrangements are made by placing a subject in a specific position, or the point of view can be changed. This can be achieved by altering the camera slightly, a high or low angle could completely alter a shot's composition and achieve a completely different mood. 

There are so many things to consider when composing a shot, but there are some basic rules to follow in order to make it successful; 

Lines- When used properly, they can make an image much more dramatic. For example, vertical lines can create a sense of peace, while diagonal lines show more action and make an image more dynamic. Lines can also be manipulated in order to lead the viewer's eye. As shown below, multiple lines lead the audience to the subject. While the curving 'S' line leads them on a path from the top to the bottom of the frame. 

Balance- This is key to a good shot as it determines whether the image is pleasing or uncomfortable to look at. The idea is to arrange colours and shapes that compliment each other, making the image symmetrical rather than lop- sided. An unbalanced image may avert the viewer's eye, leading them unintentionally to one area, for example large expanses of white around a subject will distract the audience. Similarly, the colours red and yellow in a relatively dark frame will divert their attention. 

Framing- Used to draw attention to a specific subject in the shot by blocking other aspects out. The purpose of this is to make the focus blatantly obvious. However, the technique will also add some context and depth, framing a shot will usually require the something else in the foreground which creates a more three dimensional image.